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Industry Standards |
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| 1) Red Book (1982) : Sony, Philips |
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 The nickname comes from its red binder. |
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It contains audio data only, and its operating principles
are relatively simple; the head simply |
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follows the spiral track that contains data. |
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Sync
(24 bits)
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Control
(1 Byte)
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Symbol Data
(12 Bytes)
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Parity
(4 Bytes)
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Symbol Data
(12 Bytes)
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Parity
(4 Bytes)
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[Red Book Data Format (1 Frame = 588 channel
bits)]
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| 2)Yellow Book (1985): Sony,
Philips |
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| An extension to the Red Book, the Yellow Book supports storing varied
computer data on a CD. |
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| Mode1 |
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Sync.
(12Bytes)
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Header
(4Bytes)
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User Data
(2048Bytes)
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More EDC
(4Bytes)
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Blank
(8Bytes)
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More ECC
(276Bytes)
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Mode2 |
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Sync.
(12Bytes)
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Header
(4Bytes)
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User Data
(2336 Bytes)
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[Yellow Book File Format]
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Cf.) Standards define the physical features of CD(index
of compatibility, development standards,
and so on) |
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CD-ROM Standard (1985) : HSP
(High Sierra Proposal) |
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The common standard was agreed at the High Sierra Hotel
and Casino in Lake Tahoe, |
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California.
The standard defines logical file format for CD-ROM. This version
was later slightly modified to become the international standard known
as ISO 9660. |
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CD Formats |
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| Compact disc standardization started with the Red Book (CD-DA) defined
by Philips N.V. and Sony Corporation in 1980. Since then, various
standards, or extensions to the CD-DA format have been introduced.
Following is an outline of these CD formats. CD-ROM, the main focus
of this text, defines the data recording formats. Application formats
- other than CD-DA and CD-ROM - borrow from and build upon the CD-ROM
application formats. |
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| ● Overview of CD Formats |
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Format
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Year
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Companies
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Features
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CD-DA
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1982
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Sony
Philips
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Red Book / standard for audio graphics included
/ patriarchal standard for later formats and extentions |
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CD-ROM
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1985
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〃
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Yellow Book / storage of computer data
/ extra level of error detection and correction |
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CD-I
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1988
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〃
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Green Book / builds upon the CD-ROM format
/ designed for multimedia, ie
the presentation of audio, video, graphics and text data together |
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CD-V
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1987
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〃
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Designed for video clips / full motion video recorded
in an analog format, like LaserDisc |
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CD-ROM XA
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1988
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〃
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Green Book / compatible with CD-I / for
easier use of CD-ROM for multimedia applications |
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PHOTO CD
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1992
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Philips
Kodak
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For storing photographic quality images / use
of ADPCM voice / multisession in the CD-ROM XA format. |
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KARAOKE CD
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1992
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Philips
JVC
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74 minutes of MPEG1 data for a karaoke contained
on the 120 mm wide disc |
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VIDEO CD
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1993
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Philips
JVC
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White Book / digital motion image player
/ builds upon Karaoke CD |
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Classification |
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1) Classified by Form |
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Internal Drive |
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Internal drives do not take up extra space and are cheaper
than external ones. This explains why they are most widely used. |
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External Drive |
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External drives are more expensive than internal ones, yet
they have advantages at the same time. First, the drive separate
from the main body looks good with its beautiful design and
color. Also, you don't need to buy a new drive - internal one
- whenever you buy another computer. Furthermore, you can connect
your external drive to the network for many to use. Today, however,
external discs are mostly writing devices like RW or Combo and
DVD-ROMs. |
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| 2) Classified by Interface |
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SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) |
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SCSI has been a standardized way of connecting CD-ROM drives
to computers. This maybe dates from the days when CD-ROMs were
still not good enough for personal computers and mainly used
on workstations. Workstations in the past used SCSI interface
to connect peripherals including CD-ROM. |
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SCSI: The adapter helps data processing,
thus reduces the level of CPU overload. As a |
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result, the overall performance of a computer
system is improved. |
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AT-BUS (IDE) |
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IDE, also known as AT-BUS, stands for Integrated Drive Electronics.
Not only is it offered at relatively low price, but CD-ROMs
of this IDE type do not need any interface card to connect to
computers. |
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E-IDE (Enhanced IDE) |
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Enhanced IDE (E-IDE) has been popular since mid 90s. The conception
of the E-IDE interface is based on the fact that SCSI is very
fast and can connect several devices. Reportedly, E-IDE can
cover maximum four peripherals and are much faster than the
SCSI interface. Also, it supports the peripherals of IDE style
while CD-ROMs of the E-IDE type do not need interface card.
As the Enhanced IDE becomes more prevalent in PC markets, CD-ROM
drives in E-IDE style is increasing. |
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